In addition to those quoted, the author would like to thank the numerous analysts, journalists, diplomats and officials who preferred to be interviewed on background, or whose thoughts and writing helped shape this report.

Recommended reading and sources:

“The Nation or the Ummah: Islamism and Turkish Foreign Policy”. By Birol Bakan and Omer Taspinar

“Media in New Turkey: The Origins of an Authoritarian Neoliberal State”. By Bilge Yesil

“Turkey Under Erdogan: How a Country Turned from Democracy and the West”. By Dimitar Bechev

“Abdulhamid II : Le sultan calife”. By François Georgeon

“Turkey’s Mission Impossible: War and Peace with the Kurds”. By Cengiz Candar

“The Remaking of Republican Turkey: Memory and Modernity since the Fall of the Ottoman Empire”. By Nicholas Danforth

“Why Turkey is Authoritarian: From Ataturk to Erdogan”. By Halil Karaveli